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北漢山城 (사적
제162호)
백제가 하남위례성(河南慰禮城)에
도읍을 정하였을 때
도성을 지키는 북방의 성으로 132년(개루왕 5)에
축성(築城)되었다.
1232년 고려 고종 때는 이곳에서 몽골군과의 격전이 있었고,
현종은 거란의 침입을 피하여 이 성에 태조의 재궁(梓宮)을
옮긴 일도 있는데 이때 성의 중축(重築)이 있었고,
1387년 우왕 때는 개축공사가 있었다.
조선시대에 와서 임진왜란과 병자호란 등 외침을 자주 당하자
도성 외곽성의 축성론이 대두하여, 1711년(숙종 37)
왕명으로
대대적인 축성공사를 시작하여 석성(石城) 7,620보(步)가
완성되었다.
성의 규모를 보면 대서문(大西門) ·동북문(東北門) ·북문 등
13개의 성문과,
자단봉(紫丹峰) 위에 동장대(東將臺) ·나한봉(羅漢峰),
동북에 남장대(南將臺) ·중성문(中城門), 서북에
북장대(北將臺)가 있었고,
1712년에 건립한 130칸의 행궁(行宮)과 140칸의
군창(軍倉)이 있었다.
지금은 성곽의 여장(女墻:성위에 낮게 쌓은 담)은
무너졌으나,
대서문이 남아 있으며, 성체(城體)는 복원되어
완전히 보존되었다.
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